PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK NEWEST 2023-2024 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK NEWEST
2023-2024 ACTUAL TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Active transport occurs across which type of membranes?
a. Membranes that have a higher concentration of the solute on the outside of the cell
b. Membranesthat are semipermeable to water and small electrically uncharged
molecules
c. Membranesthat have receptorsthat are capable of binding with the substances to
be transported
d. Membranes that have a cell membrane that is hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic
ANS: C
Some molecules are moved into the cell by mechanisms of active transport, which require
receptorsthat are capable of recognizing and binding with the substance to be transported.
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute
concentration to an area of lesser solute concentration. Hydrostatic pressure is the
mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes. Osmosis is the movement
of water down a concentration gradient; that is, across a semipermeable membrane from a
regionofhigherwater concentrati
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PTS: 1 REF: Page 28
2. Which method of transport usestransmembrane proteins with receptors with a high degree
of specificity for the substance being transported?
a. Active c. Transmembranous
b. Mediated d. Passive
ANS: B
Mediated transport (passive and active) involves integral or transmembrane proteins with
receptors having a high degree ofspecificity for the substance being transported. Inorganic
anions and cations (e.g., Na+
, K+
, Ca++, chloride [Cl–
], bicarbonate [HCO3
–
]) and charged
and uncharged organic compounds (e.g., amino acids, sugars) require specific transport
systems to facilitate movement through different cellular membranes. The remaining
options do not correctly identify the process described.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 31
3. The movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial
fluid surrounding the capillary is an example of which fluid movement process?
a. Hydrostatic pressure c. Diffusion
b. Osmosis d. Active transport
ANS: A
Hydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes.
In the vascular system, hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure generated in vessels by
the contraction of the heart. Blood reaching the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of
25 to 30 mm Hg, which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary
membranes into the interstitial space. The remaining options do not correctly identify the
process described.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 29-30
4. Why is osmolality preferred over osmolarity as the measurement of osmotic activity in the
clinical assessment of individuals?
a. Plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume ofsolution.
b. Volume affects perfusion more than the weight of solutes.
c. More of the weight of plasma is influenced by solutes, such as protein and glucose,
rather than by water.
d. Osmotic activity depends on the concentration ofsolutes present in plasma, such as
proteins and glucose.
ANS: C
In plasma, less of the plasma weight is water; therefore the overall concentration of
particles is greater. The osmolality will be greater than the osmolarity because of the
smaller proportion of water. Osmolality is thus the preferred measure of osmotic activity
in clinical assessment of individuals.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 30
5. A patient who has diarrhea receives a 3% saline solution intravenously to replace the
NURSINGTB.COM
sodiumand chloridoeoll.oWst hinattehfefesct twil l this fluid replacement have on
cells?
a. Become hydrated c. Shrin